早上看Python的开源项目时,想起__xxx__这些默认的方法有时太久不写Python就又忘记了,所以总结一下吧。

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#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

class Obj():
    # 构造
    def __init__(self):
        print('__init__')

    # 析构
    def __del__(self):
        print('__del__')

    # 进入 with,需要返回self,因为返回就是with时获得的对象
    def __enter__(self):
        print('__enter__')
        return self

    # 退出 with
    def __exit__(self ,type, value, traceback):
        print('__exit__')
        # return False

    # repr(o)
    def __repr__(self):
        return '__repr__'

    # print o
    def __str__(self):
        return '__str__'

    # o[key]
    def __getitem__(self,key):
        print('__getitem__',key)

    # 当访问不存在的属性时
    # o.asdfdsf
    def __getattr__(self, key):
        print('__getattr__',key)

    #  调用dir时,默认object中是看对象方法和属性的,必须返回一个list
    # dir(o)
    def __dir__(self):
        print('__dir__')
        return ['__dir__']

    # 当循环对象时调用,for i in o
    # 必须返回自身
    def __iter__(self):
        print('__iter__')
        self.tick = 0
        return self

    # next的存在是因为python2用的是next,python3用的是__next__
    def next(self):
        return self.__next__()

    # 和__iter__,配合,每次循环调用一次,直接调用raise StopIteration(),退出循环
    def __next__(self):
        self.tick += 1
        if self.tick > 2:
          raise StopIteration() 
        print('__next__', self.tick) 
        return '__next__'

    # len(o),必须返回int
    def __len__(self):
        print ('__len__')
        return 0

with Obj() as o:
    print(o)
    print(repr(o))
    o[1]
    o.asdfdsf
    dir(o)
    len(o)
    for i in o:
        pass

output:

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__init__
__enter__
__str__
__repr__
__getitem__ 1
__getattr__ asdfdsf
__dir__
__len__
__iter__
__next__ 1
__next__ 2
__exit__
__del__